What is it?

Canine Parvovirus (Parvo) is a very contagious virus that is spread between dogs and puppies. It is most dangerous to dogs that are less than a year old.

It causes uncontrollable vomiting and diarrhea (usually bloody). It is one of the main illnesses that dogs are vaccinated for.

What are the signs?

Early signs include lethargy and depression. An affected animal may be reluctant to eat, drink or play. Usually after 1-2 days the dog will start vomiting and/or have diarrhea. The diarrhea is often bloody and foul smelling. Dehydration happens very quickly and can become life threatening.

How do you treat it?

There is no cure for parvo, but it is survivable. The key is protecting against dehydration, which usually requires intravenous fluids and intensive care. Your veterinarian can also provide injectable anti-diarrhea and anti-vomiting drugs. Most dogs are also put on a broad-spectrum antibiotic to prevent secondary bacterial infections and septicemia. Recovery can take anywhere from 3-7 days. Every dog responds differently and there is no way to predict who will survive. Many dogs do die from parvo, especially without treatment. Treatment is often very expensive ($200-$400). Vaccination is much cheaper and potentially life saving.

Vaccination and Protection

Vaccination for parvo usually begins around 8 weeks of age. It is most-often included in a combination vaccine with several other diseases. Full protection requires three injections at 4-week intervals. Just one “puppy shot” at 6-8 weeks of age is not enough! After the initial series of vaccinations, most dogs require annual boosters throughout adulthood.

Dogs who are ill with parvovirus and those who are recovering from illness will shed massive amounts of virus particles in their feces and other bodily fluids. People can also spread the virus after coming in contact with an infected dog. Thorough hand washing and environment disinfecting is mandatory.

A solution of bleach and water is fairly effective at disinfecting contaminated bedding, bowls, and shelters. Any object or surface that has been in contact with an affected dog needs to be cleaned (including shoes and clothing). A dog that is recovering from illness will continue to shed virus for 10-14 days and can be a source of spread.  An affected dog needs to be strictly isolated and thorough sanitation practices need to be followed.

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